Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gradually reshaping Vietnam’s agricultural and food processing sectors by improving productivity, product consistency, and overall sustainability. Although Vietnam is a major exporter, the country still faces persistent challenges, including high postharvest losses, uneven product quality, and limited value-added processing capacity. This review examines how AI can be applied in practical areas such as sorting, quality inspection, preservation, food safety monitoring, and traceability. When combined with technologies like IoT, smart sensors, and blockchain, AI has the potential to reduce energy consumption, extend shelf life, and help producers comply with international standards. At the same time, several constraints remain, notably the absence of standardized datasets, substantial investment requirements, a shortage of trained personnel, and limited regulatory guidance. The article closes with a set of recommendations designed to encourage AI adoption and strengthen the long-term sustainability of Vietnam’s agro-processing sector.
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